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Compare Sao Tome and Principe (2001) - Nigeria (2002)

Compare Sao Tome and Principe (2001) z Nigeria (2002)

 Sao Tome and Principe (2001)Nigeria (2002)
 Sao Tome and PrincipeNigeria
Administrative divisions 2 provinces; Principe, Sao Tome

note:
Principe has had self-government since 29 April 1995
36 states and 1 territory*; Abia, Abuja Federal Capital Territory*, Adamawa, Akwa Ibom, Anambra, Bauchi, Bayelsa, Benue, Borno, Cross River, Delta, Ebonyi, Edo, Ekiti, Enugu, Gombe, Imo, Jigawa, Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, Kebbi, Kogi, Kwara, Lagos, Nassarawa, Niger, Ogun, Ondo, Osun, Oyo, Plateau, Rivers, Sokoto, Taraba, Yobe, Zamfara
Age structure 0-14 years:
47.7% (male 39,857; female 38,859)

15-64 years:
48.28% (male 38,430; female 41,246)

65 years and over:
4.02% (male 3,034; female 3,608) (2001 est.)
0-14 years: 43.6% (male 28,503,211; female 28,156,976)


15-64 years: 53.6% (male 35,418,119; female 34,179,802)


65 years and over: 2.8% (male 1,832,682; female 1,844,121) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products cocoa, coconuts, palm kernels, copra, cinnamon, pepper, coffee, bananas, papayas, beans; poultry; fish cocoa, peanuts, palm oil, corn, rice, sorghum, millet, cassava (tapioca), yams, rubber; cattle, sheep, goats, pigs; timber; fish
Airports 2 (2000 est.) 70 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways total:
2

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
1 (2000 est.)
total: 36


over 3,047 m: 7


2,438 to 3,047 m: 10


1,524 to 2,437 m: 10


914 to 1,523 m: 6


under 914 m: 3 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total: 34


1,524 to 2,437 m: 3


914 to 1,523 m: 13


under 914 m: 18 (2002)
Area total:
1,001 sq km

land:
1,001 sq km

water:
0 sq km
total: 923,768 sq km


land: 910,768 sq km


water: 13,000 sq km
Area - comparative more than five times the size of Washington, DC slightly more than twice the size of California
Background Discovered and claimed by Portugal in the late 15th century, the islands' sugar-based economy gave way to coffee and cocoa in the 19th century - all grown with plantation slave labor, a form of which lingered into the 20th century. Although independence was achieved in 1975, democratic reforms were not instituted until the late 1980s. The first free elections were held in 1991. Following nearly 16 years of military rule, a new constitution was adopted in 1999, and a peaceful transition to civilian government was completed. The president faces the daunting task of rebuilding a petroleum-based economy, whose revenues have been squandered through corruption and mismanagement, and institutionalizing democracy. In addition, the OBASANJO administration must defuse longstanding ethnic and religious tensions, if it is to build a sound foundation for economic growth and political stability.
Birth rate 42.74 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 39.22 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget revenues:
$58 million

expenditures:
$114 million, including capital expenditures of $54 million (1993 est.)
revenues: $3.4 billion


expenditures: $3.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)
Capital Sao Tome Abuja; note - on 12 December 1991 the capital was officially transferred from Lagos to Abuja; most federal government offices have now made the move to Abuja
Climate tropical; hot, humid; one rainy season (October to May) varies; equatorial in south, tropical in center, arid in north
Coastline 209 km 853 km
Constitution approved March 1990; effective 10 September 1990 new constitution adopted May 1999
Country name conventional long form:
Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe

conventional short form:
Sao Tome and Principe

local long form:
Republica Democratica de Sao Tome e Principe

local short form:
Sao Tome e Principe
conventional long form: Federal Republic of Nigeria


conventional short form: Nigeria
Currency dobra (STD) naira (NGN)
Death rate 7.54 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 14.1 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external $268 million (2000) $32 billion (2000 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US the US does not have an embassy in Sao Tome and Principe; the Ambassador to Gabon is accredited to Sao Tome and Principe on a nonresident basis and makes periodic visits to the islands chief of mission: Ambassador Howard Franklin JETER


embassy: 7 Mambilla Drive, Abuja


mailing address: P. O. Box 554, Lagos


telephone: [234] (9) 523-0916/0906/5857/2235/2205


FAX: [234] (9) 523-0353
Diplomatic representation in the US Sao Tome and Principe does not have an embassy in the US, but does have a Permanent Mission to the UN, headed by First Secretary Domingos Augusto FERREIRA, located at 122 East 42nd Street, Suite 1604, New York, NY 10168, telephone [1] (212) 317-0533 chief of mission: Ambassador Jibril AMINU


chancery: 1333 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20036


telephone: [1] (202) 986-8400


FAX: [1] (202) 775-1385


consulate(s) general: Atlanta and New York
Disputes - international none Nigeria disputes several villages with Benin along the Okpara River, and only 35 km of their common boundary are demarcated; the Benin-Niger-Nigeria tripoint remains undemarcated; Lake Chad Basin Commission urges signatories Cameroon, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria to ratify delimitation treaty over lake region, the site of continuing armed clashes; oral arguments on the land and maritime boundary disputes between Cameroon and Nigeria were presented to the ICJ; disputes center around Bakasi Peninsula, where armed clashes continue, Bouram Island on Lake Chad, and the maritime boundary and economic zone dispute in the Gulf of Guinea, which also involves Equatorial Guinea; Nigeria requests and Chad rejects redemarcation of boundary, which lacks clear demarcation in sections and has caused several cross-border incidents
Economic aid - recipient $200 million in December 2000 under the HIPC program ODA $250 million (1998) (1998)
Economy - overview This small poor island economy has become increasingly dependent on cocoa since independence 25 years ago. However, cocoa production has substantially declined because of drought and mismanagement. The resulting shortage of cocoa for export has created a persistent balance-of-payments problem. Sao Tome has to import all fuels, most manufactured goods, consumer goods, and a significant amount of food. Over the years, it has been unable to service its external debt and has had to depend on concessional aid and debt rescheduling. Sao Tome benefited from $200 million in debt relief in December 2000 under the Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) program. Considerable potential exists for development of a tourist industry, and the government has taken steps to expand facilities in recent years. The government also has attempted to reduce price controls and subsidies, but economic growth has remained sluggish. Sao Tome is also optimistic that significant petroleum discoveries are forthcoming in its territorial waters in the oil-rich waters of the Gulf of Guinea. Corruption scandals continue to weaken the economy. At the same time, progress in the economic reform program has attracted international financial institutions' support, and GDP growth will likely rise to at least 4% in 2001-02. The oil-rich Nigerian economy, long hobbled by political instability, corruption, and poor macroeconomic management, is undergoing substantial economic reform under the new civilian administration. Nigeria's former military rulers failed to diversify the economy away from overdependence on the capital-intensive oil sector, which provides 20% of GDP, 95% of foreign exchange earnings, and about 65% of budgetary revenues. The largely subsistence agricultural sector has failed to keep up with rapid population growth, and Nigeria, once a large net exporter of food, now must import food. Following the signing of an IMF stand-by agreement in August 2000, Nigeria received a debt-restructuring deal from the Paris Club and a $1 billion credit from the IMF, both contingent on economic reforms. The agreement was allowed to expire by the IMF in November 2001, however, and Nigeria appears unlikely to receive substantial multilateral assistance in 2002. Nonetheless, increases in foreign oil investment and oil production should push growth over 4% in 2002.
Electricity - consumption 15.8 million kWh (1999) 14.768 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (1999) 19 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (1999) 0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - production 17 million kWh (1999) 15.9 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
41.18%

hydro:
58.82%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
fossil fuel: 64%


hydro: 36%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Pico de Sao Tome 2,024 m
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m


highest point: Chappal Waddi 2,419 m
Environment - current issues deforestation; soil erosion and exhaustion soil degradation; rapid deforestation; urban air and water pollution; desertification; oil pollution - water, air, and soil; has suffered serious damage from oil spills; loss of arable land; rapid urbanization
Environment - international agreements party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Ship Pollution

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups mestico, angolares (descendants of Angolan slaves), forros (descendants of freed slaves), servicais (contract laborers from Angola, Mozambique, and Cape Verde), tongas (children of servicais born on the islands), Europeans (primarily Portuguese) Nigeria, which is Africa's most populous country, is composed of more than 250 ethnic groups; the following are the most populous and politically influential: Hausa and Fulani 29%, Yoruba 21%, Igbo (Ibo) 18%, Ijaw 10%, Kanuri 4%, Ibibio 3.5%, Tiv 2.5%
Exchange rates dobras per US dollar - 2390.04 (December 2000), 7,119.0 (1999), 6,883.2 (1998), 4,552.5 (1997), 2,203.2 (1996) nairas per US dollar - 115 (January 2002), 101.697 (2000), 92.338 (1999), 21.886 (1998), 21.886 (1997)
Executive branch chief of state:
President Miguel TROVOADA (since 4 April 1991)

head of government:
Prime Minister Guilherma Posser da COSTA (since 30 December 1998)

cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the proposal of the prime minister

elections:
president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 30 June and 21 July 1996 (next to be held NA July 2001); prime minister chosen by the National Assembly and approved by the president

election results:
Miguel TROVOADA reelected president in Sao Tome's second multiparty presidential election; percent of vote - Miguel TROVOADA 52.74%, Manuel Pinto da COSTA 47.26%
chief of state: President Olusegun OBASANJO (since 29 May 1999); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


head of government: President Olusegun OBASANJO (since 29 May 1999); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


cabinet: Federal Executive Council


elections: president is elected by popular vote for no more than two four-year terms; election last held 27 February 1999 (next to be held 19 April 2003)


election results: Olusegun OBASANJO elected president; percent of vote - Olusegun OBASANJO (PDP) 62.8%, Olu FALAE (APP-AD) 37.2%
Exports $3.2 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.) $20.3 billion f.o.b. (2001 est.)
Exports - commodities cocoa 90%, copra, coffee, palm oil petroleum and petroleum products 95%, cocoa, rubber
Exports - partners Netherlands 18%, Germany 9%, Portugal 9% (1998) US 46%, Spain 11%, India 6%, France 5%, Brazil (2000)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description three horizontal bands of green (top), yellow (double width), and green with two black five-pointed stars placed side by side in the center of the yellow band and a red isosceles triangle based on the hoist side; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and green
GDP purchasing power parity - $178 million (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $105.9 billion (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
23%

industry:
19%

services:
58% (1997 est.)
agriculture: 39%


industry: 33%


services: 28% (2000 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $1,100 (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $840 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 3% (2000 est.) 3.5% (2001 est.)
Geographic coordinates 1 00 N, 7 00 E 10 00 N, 8 00 E
Geography - note - the Niger enters the country in the northwest and flows southward through tropical rain forests and swamps to its delta in the Gulf of Guinea
Heliports - 1 (2002)
Highways total:
320 km

paved:
218 km

unpaved:
102 km (1996)
total: 193,200 km


paved: 59,892 km (including 1,194 km of expressways)


unpaved: 133,308 km


note: many of the roads reported as paved may be graveled; because of poor maintenance and years of heavy freight traffic - in part the result of the failure of the railroad system - much of the road system is barely usable (2001)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
lowest 10%: 2%


highest 10%: 41% (1996-97)
Illicit drugs - a transit point for heroin and cocaine intended for European, East Asian, and North American markets; safehaven for Nigerian narcotraffickers operating worldwide; major money-laundering center; massive corruption and criminal activity, along with unwillingness of the government to address the deficiencies in its anti-money-laundering regime make money laundering a major problem
Imports $40 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.) $13.7 billion f.o.b. (2001 est.)
Imports - commodities machinery and electrical equipment, food products, petroleum products machinery, chemicals, transport equipment, manufactured goods, food and live animals
Imports - partners Portugal 42%, US 20%, South Africa 6% (1998) UK 11%, US 9%, France 9%, Germany 7%, China (2000)
Independence 12 July 1975 (from Portugal) 1 October 1960 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate NA% -0.3% (2001 est.)
Industries light construction, textiles, soap, beer; fish processing; timber crude oil, coal, tin, columbite, palm oil, peanuts, cotton, rubber, wood, hides and skins, textiles, cement and other construction materials, food products, footwear, chemicals, fertilizer, printing, ceramics, steel
Infant mortality rate 48.96 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) 72.49 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 5% (2000 est.) 14.9% (2001 est.)
International organization participation ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CEEAC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, NAM, OAU, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (observer) ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-19, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNITAR, UNMEE, UNMIK, UNMOP, UNMOT, UNMOVIC, UNU, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 2 (2000) 11 (2000)
Irrigated land 100 sq km (1993 est.) 2,330 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the National Assembly) Supreme Court (judges appointed by the President); Federal Court of Appeal (judges are appointed by the federal government on the advice of the Advisory Judicial Committee)
Labor force NA 66 million (1999 est.)
Labor force - by occupation population mainly engaged in subsistence agriculture and fishing

note:
shortages of skilled workers
agriculture 70%, industry 10%, services 20% (1999 est.)
Land boundaries 0 km total: 4,047 km


border countries: Benin 773 km, Cameroon 1,690 km, Chad 87 km, Niger 1,497 km
Land use arable land:
2%

permanent crops:
36%

permanent pastures:
1%

forests and woodland:
0%

other:
61% (1993 est.)
arable land: 30.96%


permanent crops: 2.79%


other: 66.25% (1998 est.)
Languages Portuguese (official) English (official), Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo (Ibo), Fulani
Legal system based on Portuguese legal system and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction based on English common law, Islamic Shariah law (only in some northern states), and traditional law
Legislative branch unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (55 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve five-year terms)

elections:
last held 8 November 1998 (next to be held NA November 2003)

election results:
percent of vote by party - MLSTP-PSD 56%, PCD 14.5%, ADI 29%; seats by party - MLSTP-PSD 31, ADI 16, PCD 8
bicameral National Assembly consists of Senate (109 seats, three from each state and one from the Federal Capital Territory; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) and House of Representatives (360 seats, members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)


elections: Senate - last held 20-24 February 1999 (next to be held 13 April 2003); House of Representatives - last held 20-24 February 1999 (next to be held 13 April 2003)


election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - PDP 58%, APP 23%, AD 19%; seats by party - PDP 67, APP 23, AD 19; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - PDP 58%, APP 30%, AD 12%; seats by party - PDP 221, APP 70, AD 69
Life expectancy at birth total population:
65.59 years

male:
64.15 years

female:
67.07 years (2001 est.)
total population: 50.59 years


male: 50.58 years


female: 50.6 years (2002 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
73%

male:
85%

female:
62% (1991 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 57.1%


male: 67.3%


female: 47.3% (1995 est.)
Location Western Africa, islands in the Gulf of Guinea, straddling the Equator, west of Gabon Western Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea, between Benin and Cameroon
Map references Africa Africa
Maritime claims measured from claimed archipelagic baselines

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation


exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine total:
39 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 130,843 GRT/149,048 DWT

ships by type:
bulk 3, cargo 21, chemical tanker 1, container 3, liquefied gas 1, livestock carrier 1, petroleum tanker 1, refrigerated cargo 2, roll on/roll off 5, specialized tanker 1 (2000 est.)
total: 43 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 331,094 GRT/614,171 DWT


ships by type: bulk 1, cargo 7, chemical tanker 4, petroleum tanker 29, roll on/roll off 1, specialized tanker 1


note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Bulgaria 1, Greece 1, Norway 1, Pakistan 1, Togo 1, United States 1 (2002 est.)
Military branches Army, Navy, Security Police Army, Navy, Air Force, Police Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure $1 million (FY94) $374.9 million (FY01)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 1.5% (FY94) 1% (FY01)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
34,205 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49: 30,808,598 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
18,043 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49: 17,698,911 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - military age - 18 years of age (2002 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males: 1,375,112 (2002 est.)
National holiday Independence Day, 12 July (1975) Independence Day (National Day), 1 October (1960)
Nationality noun:
Sao Tomean(s)

adjective:
Sao Tomean
noun: Nigerian(s)


adjective: Nigerian
Natural hazards NA periodic droughts; flooding
Natural resources fish, hydropower natural gas, petroleum, tin, columbite, iron ore, coal, limestone, lead, zinc, arable land
Net migration rate -3.38 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) 0.27 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Pipelines - crude oil 2,042 km; petroleum products 3,000 km; natural gas 500 km
Political parties and leaders Independent Democratic Action or ADI [Carlos NEVES]; Movement for the Liberation of Sao Tome and Principe-Social Democratic Party or MLSTP-PSD [Manuel Pinto Da COSTA]; Party for Democratic Convergence or PCD [Aldo BANDEIRA]; Democratic Renovation Party [Armindo GRACA]; other small parties All People's Party or APP [leader NA]; Alliance for Democracy or AD [Alhaji Adamu ABDULKADIR]; People's Democratic Party or PDP [Audu OGBEH]
Political pressure groups and leaders NA NA
Population 165,034 (July 2001 est.) 129,934,911


note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% 45% (2000 est.)
Population growth rate 3.18% (2001 est.) 2.54% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors Santo Antonio, Sao Tome Calabar, Lagos, Onne, Port Harcourt, Sapele, Warri
Radio broadcast stations AM 2, FM 4, shortwave 0 (1998) AM 83, FM 36, shortwave 11 (2001)
Radios 38,000 (1997) 23.5 million (1997)
Railways 0 km total: 3,557 km


narrow gauge: 3,505 km 1.067-m gauge


standard gauge: 52 km 1.435-m gauge


note: years of neglect of both the rolling stock and the right-of-way have seriously reduced the capacity and utility of the system; a project to restore Nigeria's railways is now underway (2001)
Religions Christian 80% (Roman Catholic, Evangelical Protestant, Seventh-Day Adventist) Muslim 50%, Christian 40%, indigenous beliefs 10%
Sex ratio at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.03 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.93 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.84 male(s)/female

total population:
0.97 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.99 male(s)/female


total population: 1.03 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment:
adequate facilities

domestic:
minimal system

international:
satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
general assessment: an inadequate system, further limited by poor maintenance; major expansion is required and a start has been made


domestic: intercity traffic is carried by coaxial cable, microwave radio relay, a domestic communications satellite system with 19 earth stations, and a coastal submarine cable; mobile cellular facilities and the Internet are available


international: satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean); coaxial submarine cable SAFE (South African Far East)
Telephones - main lines in use 3,000 (1997) 500,000 (2000 est)
Telephones - mobile cellular 6,942 (1997) 200,000 (2001)
Television broadcast stations 2 (1997) 3 (the government controls 2 of the broadcasting stations and 15 repeater stations) (2002)
Terrain volcanic, mountainous southern lowlands merge into central hills and plateaus; mountains in southeast, plains in north
Total fertility rate 6.02 children born/woman (2001 est.) 5.49 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate NA% 0.28% 28% (1992 est.) (1992 est.)
Waterways none 8,575 km


note: consisting of the Niger and Benue rivers and smaller rivers and creeks
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